A BANANA PSEUDO-STEM SAP GLUE

Bananas have many health benefits; it is good for your heart. Bananas are packed with potassium, a mineral electrolyte that keeps electricity flowing throughout your body, which is required to keep your heart beating. Bananas' high potassium and low sodium content may also help protect your cardiovascular system against high blood pressure, according to the FDA. It is also high in fiber, which can help you regular. One banana can nearly provide 10 percent of your daily fiber requirement. Bananas are high in antioxidants, which can provide protection from free radicals, which we come into contact with every day, from the sunlight to the lotion you put on your skin. Bananas are widely distributed throughout many tropical countries, including Philippines both cultivated and wild. This fruit contains sap, it is called banana pseudo-stem sap (BPS). The pseudo-stem is the part of banana plant that looks like a trunk. It is formed by the tightly packed overlapping leaf sheaths. Even though the pseudo-stem is very fleshy and consists mostly of water, it is quite sturdy and can support a bunch that weighs 50 kg or more. The pseudo-stem continues to grow in height as the leaves emerge one after the other and reaches its maximum height when the inflorescence emerges at the top of the plant.



The researchers are encouraged to use this as an additive in making glue because the sap is extremely sticky and therefore also utilized as an effective adhesive. An adhesive, also known as glue, is a material, typically liquid or semiliquid that adheres or bonds items together. Adhesives come from either natural or synthetic sources. On the importance of glue, the function and value of this sticky stuff plays a very important role in the school. The glue sticks things or something is stuck to other things especially in bonding thin materials, through this, the object will likely to stay together and will not fall off and get lost. Nevertheless, the glue made out of banana is effective alternative glue. Future studies must modify the processes in making the product in this research that would also include having different ratios and proportions of the ingredients used in order to make a more effective paste. It is also recommendable to utilize the different parts of the fruits used.

There are many people involved in this study, those students that are struggling to finish their research, their families who give them the financial for their research, to the teachers that guide and support them in this study. It also involves the group of people who have agreed to be contacted about participating in this research studies, friends and classmates who can give ideas about the studies and the readers who will benefits from this study.

Moreover, the researchers decide upon conducting the research in Lyceum of Alabang. Lyceum of Alabang was founded on October 2003. They conducted a research in Lyceum of Alabang to further investigate the effectiveness of banana pseudo-stem sap (BPS). They conduct this in school so that, it can be easy for them to make their research. They will conduct this in the library of Lyceum of Alabang, so they will be free of using a computers and books.



The research studies are being conducted in order to provide results that will help the respondents, which the students. Gathering data and information analyzing them is the only way for a researcher to come to a conclusion. The process of conducting a research study starts by focusing on a lemon eraser and its effectiveness with the collection of all necessary information. The results can come fast either positive or negative. The researchers will also guide people on how this product will use and the benefits of using this product. Researchers will make sure that banana pseudo-stem sap (BPS) will be 99.9% effective.

The banana pseudo-stem sap (BPS) will give good benefits especially for those students who struggling to find or buy a glue. This study will help the respondents to easily make organic glue. So, they can provide their own glue without buying it.

The researchers decided to choose the banana pseudo-stem sap (BPS) because they wanted to make organic glue. Almost all glue uses chemicals as their main component. Some children that are using glue can affect the health of their users because of their chemical components.

The component of the sap of glue contains some chemicals that are suitable for good quality homemade glue. It has component that is the same as the white glue that people used to buy in the market or school supplies store.



The winners for the 2012 Green Innovation Award are Gultekin Barhudarova and Zeynep Tosun, two Grade 12 students from Toronto's Nile Academy who developed a safe and organic glue from common bananas that apparently has proved to be more adhesive and environmentally friendly than the traditional white glue used by young children and students across Canada. Their award-winning project is titled "Sticky and Safe Mess: From Banana to Glue," and was recently on display at the Toronto Science Fair.

Paste is a term for any very thick viscous fluid. (Wikipedia) In this study, it refers to an adhesive. It can be called an adhesive if it wets the surface, adheres to them, develops strength once applied, and finally, remains stable after sticking the materials. (Packer, John) The researcher aims to produce paste out of Jackfruit exocarp and Banana starch.

Banana is a fruit which is categorized in the genus Musa. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia but are known to have been first organized in Papua New Guinea. However, a species of wild banana which is native to Southeast Asia is Musa acunintia. (Wikipedia) Banana, on the other hand, contains starch which is also vital to form a paste.

According to Hunte (2014) Animals such as horses and cows that need vast quantities of land and factories for the production of glue have usually taken glue. To secure the glue for the manufacture of adhesives, which are chemical-based and are called epoxies l, caulks or sealant, chemicals that are carcinogenic are applied. Glue made from animals is referred to as organic glues and is typically made according to Holmes (n.d.) from skis, bones, hides, sinews and other connective tissue. Milk solid and blood may also be used to produce glue because when heated, albumin coagulates and becomes insoluble in water. Agar, colloids, align, and gum Arabic are made of plant glue.

In water, this natural glue seems insoluble. Green figs contain a material that is very gummy that seems to come from the stem where the food plant attaches to the tree. The substance is liquid if the plant is new and dries easily to a very tacky substance that is very hard to clean with ordinary dishwashing detergents. When freshly cut, the substance is tackier. After cutting, stems from the top of the plant tend to decay and become less adhesive in quality the longer they remain as part of the refuse.

According to Celeste (2010) The makings of banana glue are those long strings that adhere to your hands when you open a banana. On a table top or counter, banana glue is almost always found after breakfast. It is impossible to remove them once these long strings have dried up all day or overnight and they will be a permanent part of the table top. They will not be removed by any amount of scrubbing. Once you have mastered the art of removing it, you will learn to use it in many ways.

According to Basak (2016) Banana pseudo stem sap (BPS) was obtained from the outer sheath of the banana tree pseudo stem (Musa Cavendish). Immediately after extraction, it appears like colorless clean water. With the passing of time, but, because of the oxidation of phenolic rings present in it, it slowly turns into a light khaki color. It can be used as an energy booster for athletes or as an energy drink for similar applications, because BPS contains minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. The alkaline fraction of BPS has been reported to be used as an anticorrosive agent for concrete steel because it consists of compounds such as inorganic materials, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and aromatic phenolic ring.

In this study, the researcher must have a banana pseudo-stem sap which is the main ingredients in conducting this study. Glue have a soft consistency and come in a variety of odor, sizes and colors. Less expensive glues are made from synthetic resins and rubbers excel in versatility and performance, but more expensive or specialized glues are polyvinyl acetate (PVA), water, ethanol, acetone and other substances. The process of this study will be regarding in Conceptual Framework. Banana pseudo-stem sap, spoon, knife, bowl, electric stove, water, pot, blender, mortar and pastel are the components of conducting this study. Having this thing will help the researcher to improve and to be successful in their research study.

The literature and studies cited in this chapter tackle the different concept, understanding, ideas and generalization or conclusion and different development related to study of the effectiveness of adhesive glue using banana pseudo-stem sap and other organic plants. Those that were also included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present study.

In Paleolithic Period up until the time of the Gauls, people have used Birch Bark Tar as the oldest glue in the world, at this time, glue was made from the bones, hides and skin of the animals. Throughout multiple centuries, furniture creation and repair has required significant glue resources. While the Egyptians were the first to develop this practice, the use of glue in furniture making continued through the 19th century!

After a while, those people felt a need for chance improvements, so they have tried several ways to create something that they could make anything effectively using glue. The people growing curiosity about these things eventually motivated them to the advancement and modernization that people are still experiencing today.

Now, in modern times, we have all sorts of adhesive materials such as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste. Glue is one of the most household objects used by almost everyone from school to office. The earliest form of adhesives came from the bark of a birch tree. This was used unprocessed around 200 thousand years ago in prehistoric times. In modern Europe, the first example of glue was in 16th century. Advances in trade and science development allowed woodworkers to experiment with new designs. With the help of animal glues, everything was possible. They made lovely furnishings for the nobles, and made wooden instruments that were previously impossible to build.

According to Sciencing, milk contains casein, a protein that is used in the production of glues, paints and plastics, as well as some food products. If you heat up milk and add an acid, such as vinegar, you will cause a chemical reaction whereby the casein separates from the liquid component of milk. When you add a base, such as baking soda, to the casein extracted from milk, the acid is neutralized and the result is a smooth adhesive that can be used for wood and paper.

According to Fook (2012) Banana (Musaceae) is one among the world's most important natural product crops that's broadly developed in tropical nations for its important applications in the food industry. Its huge side-effects are an exceptional wellspring of exceptionally significant crude materials for various businesses by reusing agrarian waste. This forestalls an extreme loss of colossal measure of undiscovered biomass and natural issues. This audit talks about broadly the invention within the usage of banana side-effects like strips, leaves, pseudostem, tail and inflorescence in numerous food and non-food applications filling in as thickening specialist, shading and flavor, elective hotspot for giant scale and micronutrients, nutraceuticals, domesticated animals feed, characteristic strands, and wellsprings of standard bioactive mixtures and bio-manures. Future possibilities and difficulties are the many key components examined in relationship to the maintainability and plausibility of using these results. it's significant that every one accessible side-effects be transformed into exceptionally business yields to support this sustainable asset and switch out extra revenue to limited scope cultivating ventures without bargaining its quality and security in rivaling other business items.

According to Anaya et. al (2010) Domestication Syndrome in Chrysophyllum cainito (Chrysophyllum cainito.): Fruit and Seed Characteristics: the method of domestication is understudied and poorly well-known for several tropical angiospermous tree crops. The caimito or Chrysophyllum cainito tree (Chrysophyllum cainito L., Sapotaceae) is cultivated throughout the New World tropics for its edible fruits. We tend to study this species in central Panama, wherever it grows wild in tropical dampish forests and is additionally usually cultivated in curtilage gardens. victimization fruits collected over 2 harvest seasons, we tend to test the hypothesis that cultivated people of C. cainito show distinctive fruit and seed characteristics related to domestication relative to wild sorts. We tend to find that cultivated fruits were considerably and well larger and allotted additional to pulp and fewer to pericarp than wild fruits. The pulp of cultivated fruits was less acidic; additionally, the pulp had lower concentrations of phenolics and better concentrations of sugar. The seeds were larger and additional varied and were less defended with phenolics in cultivated than in wild fruits. Discriminant Analysis showed that, among the numerous vital variations, fruit size and sugar concentration drove the nice majority of the variance characteristic wild from cultivated categories. Variance of pulp phenolics among people was considerably higher among wild trees than among cultivated trees, whereas variance of fruit mass and seed variety was considerably higher among cultivated trees. Most traits showed sturdy correlations between years. Overall, we tend to found a transparent signature of a domestication syndrome within the fruits of cultivated Chrysophyllum cainito in Panama.

According to Fulgencio et. al (2014) They produced an organic paste from JackFruit and Banana exocarps. Specifically, to understand the type of surfaces that the product may bind, how fast and strong it bonds, and whether the strength of the bond depends on the period of drying. To minimize the waste environment, the study uses the exocarps of the said fruits. The substance was made to form a paste-like structure by obtaining the exocarps, combining, boiling, blending and eventually pounding them. By applying the paste on various types of paper, which are bond paper, manila paper, art paper, glossy paper and oslo paper, the efficacy of the substance was tested. The drying period was timed, then. By using winds of various speeds, the bond strength of fhe pasted papers was also tested. On both experiments, three trials were performed. It takes eight to twelve minutes for the product to dry and its bond strength depends on the period of drying. The results showed a good result.

According to Aguilos et. al (2014) More effective than egg white glue and rice paste is the use of banana sap and other organic products as efficient adhesive materials. The denser the density of the sap, the more effective the adhesives are. The research established these changes by comparing them with organic glues.

According to Limpiada et. al (2014) They made glue from the mango and jackfruit sap. This fruit contains a sap that is similar to the white wood glue called latex, which has a part. The researcher was then advised to use this as an ingredient in creating a glue to realize that the sap is highly sticky and therefore often used as an effective adhesive. The organic glue they made was successful in fixing shoes based on the achieved outcome.

According to Mahapatra (2016) Banana fiber is made from waste banana trees and is an incredibly strong fiber that is entirely natural. An Australian technology that imbalances this also means that no additives, bleaches or glues are used in the finished product. As glue, the substance uses banana sap.

According to Kivi (2019) Sap-derived glue is referred to as "pitch glue." American Indians used pitch glue made from materials found in nature to make instruments and other waterproof objects. Due to its tar-like consistency and high malleability, pitch glue varies from traditional glue available in stores today. Although numerous tribes had their own recipes to add or remove ingredients to make it more or less fibrous for making pitch glue, there is not just one technique that can achieve efficient results.

According to Goswani (2016) It is not possible to use the jackfruit only for certain culinary operations, but the seed powder also has a lot of food potential. Jackfruit can be used, especially as a thickener and binding agent, in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and bio-nanotechnology industries.

All of the researchers ensure that the entirety of the data that they have are totally examined. The totality of the researcher comes up to the possibility that the sap is really useful, compelling glue and natural paste is quick and strong bind. The thoughts and idea of the researchers on their work is investigated by their own insight, feelings and perceptions. The researchers made their own experimental research to prove their projects.